Plastin 1 drives metastasis of colorectal cancer through the IQGAP1/Rac1/ERK pathway

Tumor metastasis is the dominant cause of death in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, and it often involves dysregulation of various cytoskeletal proteins. Plastin 1 (PLS1) is an actin‐bundling protein that has been implicated in the structure of intestinal epithelial microvilli; however, its role in CRC metastasis has not yet been determined. In this study, we demonstrated that PLS1 is highly expressed in 33.3% (45/135) of CRC patients and is correlated with lymph node metastasis and poor survival. In in vitro and in vivo experiments, PLS1 induced the migration and invasion of CRC cells and the metastases to the liver and lung in mice. Moreover, the expressions of key factors for CRC metastases, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 9 and 2, were enhanced by PLS1, which was dependent on phosphorylating ERK1/2 activated by IQGAP1/Rac1 signaling. The connection between these signals and PLS1 was further confirmed in CRC tissues of patients and the metastatic nodules from a mouse model. These findings suggest that PLS1 promotes CRC metastasis through the IQGAP1/Rac1/ERK pathway. Targeting PLS1 may provide a potential approach to inhibit the metastasis of CRC cells.     

HDAC1和CDK1在结肠癌组织中的表达及其临床意义

目的:研究组蛋白去乙酰化酶1（histone deacetylase 1,HDAC1）和细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶1（cyclin-dependent kinase 1,CDK1）在结肠癌组织中的表达水平及其与患者临床病理特征及预后的关系。方法:收集2012年2月至2013年6月在本院普外科进行手术切除的51例结肠癌患者的肿瘤组织和癌旁非肿瘤组织，采用qRT-PCR法检测组织中HDAC1和CDK1 mRNA相对表达量，采用免疫组织化学染色法检测HDAC1和CDK1蛋白阳性表达率，分析肿瘤组织中HDAC1和CDK1表达的相关性及其与患者肿瘤直径、淋巴结转移等临床病理特征的关系，采用Kaplan-Meier生存函数分析HDAC1和CDK1不同表达情况与患者5年总生存率的关系。结果:肿瘤组织中HDAC1和CDK1 mRNA表达水平和蛋白阳性表达率均高于癌旁非肿瘤组织（P＜0.05）；肿瘤组织中HDAC1表达水平与CDK1表达水平呈显著正相关（P=0.012）；肿瘤组织中HDAC1表达与患者肿瘤直径和组织分化程度有关（P＜0.05），CDK1与肿瘤直径、TNM分期、分化程度、淋巴结转移有关（P＜0.05）；HDAC1、CDK1阳性表达患者5年总生存率均低于其相应阴性表达患者（P＜0.05），HDAC1和CDK1共阳性表达患者5年总生存率低于HDAC1和（或）CDK1阴性患者（P＜0.05）。结论:HDAC1和CDK1在结肠癌组织中高表达，与患者不良预后有关且两者呈正相关，推测两者在促进结肠癌进展中可能存在协同作用。     

原发性卵巢非霍奇金淋巴瘤1例及相关文献复习

目的:探讨原发性卵巢弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤的病因、临床表现、诊断、治疗及预后。方法:报道1例原发性卵巢弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤的临床病理资料及术后免疫组化结果，并阅读及复习国内外相关文献。结果:该例患者为（右）卵巢弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤，积极治疗后现考虑肿瘤复发。结论:原发性卵巢弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤罕见，确诊依赖于术后病理及免疫组化，预后不佳，常采用以手术为主，辅以化疗和放疗的综合治疗。     

Prevalence of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) predisposition gene mutations among 882 HBOC high‐risk Chinese individuals

Identification of deleterious variants in hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) susceptibility genes allows for increased clinical surveillance and early detection, and could predict the response to poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor in patients with advanced ovarian carcinomas. To determine the prevalence and clinical prediction factors for HBOC syndrome, 882 selected individuals underwent multigene panel testing for HBOC risk assessment during the period from January 2015 to March 2018. Overall, 176 deleterious mutations were observed in 19.50% (n = 172) of individuals. Twenty‐six of 176 mutations could not be retrieved in related public databases and were considered to be novel. Among patients with ovarian cancer, 115 deleterious mutations were identified in 429 patients (48.6%) with significant enrichment for a family history of breast or ovarian cancer syndrome (P < .05). In the breast cancer subgroup, 31 deleterious mutations were identified in 261 patients. Besides BRCA1 (8; 25.8%) and BRCA2 (11; 35.5%), the most frequently occurring genes, an additional 12 deleterious mutations (38.7%) were found in seven other susceptibility genes. Higher mutation incidence (57.9%) was observed in subjects with histories of breast and ovarian cancer. Our results highlighted the genetic heterogeneity of HBOC and the efficiency of a multigene panel in carrying out risk assessment.     

The gut microbiota at the intersection of bile acids and intestinal carcinogenesis: An old story,yet mesmerizing

The prevalence of colorectal cancer (CRC) has markedly increased worldwide in the last decade. Alterations of bile acid metabolism and gut microbiota have been reported to play vital roles in intestinal carcinogenesis. About trillions of bacteria have inhabited in the human gut and maintained the balance of host metabolism. Bile acids are one of numerous metabolites that are synthesized in the liver and further metabolized by the gut microbiota, and are essential in maintaining the normal gut microbiota and lipid digestion. Multiple receptors such as FXR, GPBAR1, PXR, CAR and VDR act as sensors of bile acids have been reported. In this review, we mainly discussed interplay between bile acid metabolism and gut microbiota in intestinal carcinogenesis. We then summarized the critical role of bile acids receptors involving in CRC, and also addressed the rationale of multiple interventions for CRC management by regulating bile acids–microbiota axis such as probiotics, metformin, ursodeoxycholic acid and fecal microbiota transplantation. Thus, by targeting the bile acids–microbiota axis may provide novel therapeutic modalities in CRC prevention and treatment.     

床旁肺部超声在儿童重度社区获得性肺炎中的应用价值

目的:探讨床旁肺部超声在儿童重度社区获得性肺炎(CAP)中的应用价值。方法:收集2016年12月至2018年8月在本院儿童重症监护病房住院并临床诊断为儿童重度CAP的患儿120例,这些患儿均在入院24 h内进行床旁肺部超声及床旁胸片检查。分析儿童重度CAP的床旁肺部超声特点,并与胸片进行比较。结果:儿童重度CAP的床旁肺部超声的特点是A线消失、B线增多、瀑布征、肺实变、支气管充气征、胸腔积液,床旁肺部超声诊断儿童重度CAP的敏感性为99%,特异性为100%,阳性预测值为100%,阴性预测值为50%,阳性似然比∞,阴性似然比为9%,约登指数0.99。结论:床旁肺部超声诊断儿童重度CAP准确可靠,敏感性高、特异性强,具有能随时检测、无辐射等优点,可作为一项儿童重度CAP的辅助诊断工具。     

南北柴胡HPLC-ELSD指纹图谱的研究

目的:采用HPLC-ELSD法分别建立南、北柴胡的指纹图谱,并进行真伪鉴别。方法:样品的甲醇提取液采用TOSOH TSKgel ODS-100V C18(4.6mm×15cm,5μm)色谱柱分析,乙腈-水梯度洗脱,流速:1.0 mL/min柱温:25℃,检测器为蒸发光散射检测器(ELSD)。并对结果进行相似度评价和主成分分析。结果:建立了含有11个共有峰的北柴胡HPLC-ELSD指纹图谱和含有14个共有峰的南柴胡HPLC-ELSD指纹图谱。伪品的相似度低,可以通过指纹图谱进行真伪鉴别。结论:该方法能快速可靠的鉴别和区分南、北柴胡,可以用于柴胡的质量控制。     

激光联合复方血栓通胶囊治疗糖尿病视网膜病变合并黄斑水肿的疗效观察

目的:分析糖尿病视网膜病变合并黄斑水肿联合采用激光与复方血栓通胶囊治疗的临床疗效。方法:选取我院2017年1月—2019年1月收治的200例糖尿病视网膜病变合并黄斑水肿患者为研究对象,随机分为两组。对照组单独行激光治疗,观察组于对照组基础上联合复方血栓通胶囊治疗,对比两组临床疗效、治疗前后IL-6(白介素-6)、VEGF(血管内皮生长因子)、NOS(血清一氧化氮合成酶)水平变化情况。结果:对照组总有效率(68.00%,68/100)较观察组总有效率(98.00%,98/100)更高(P<0.05);与对照组对比,观察组治疗后NOS水平更高,IL-6、VEGF水平更低(P<0.05)。结论:糖尿病视网膜病变合并黄斑水肿联合采用激光与复方血栓通胶囊治疗的临床疗效显著,值得推广。     

<i>Sinomenium</i> Inhibits the Viability of Hepatoma Carcinoma Cells through Activating IFNA2

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranks the sixth place of most common cancers. Meanwhile, it is the tertiary mortality cause of cancer. There is no effective therapeutic method to prevent and treat the liver cancer. Sinomenine is a kind of Chinese traditional medicine herbal, it is reported that it can inhibit the viability of several cancer cells. The study is to explore whether sinomenine is also able to inhibit the cell viability of HCC and its potential mechanism. The IC50 of sinomenine in BEL-7402 cells was 5.351 mmol/L, and the IC50 of sinomenine in SMMC-7721 cells was 6.204 mmol/L. The gene expression results showed the relative expression of FGF2, CCND2, DCN, F3, MMP7, NRG1, HMGB1, TRIM29, HAS2, EHF, CTGF, PLK2 were down-regulated, and the relative expression of VEGF A, CITED2, NUPR1, DDX58, IRF9, NAMPT, MMP1, NDRG1, HMGA2, PPARGC1A, IFIT2, PARP9, HEY1, LOX, ETV1, ISG15, BACH, CYLD were up-regulated. Moreover, the IPA analysis results suggested that IFIT3, IFIT1, OAS1, MX1, IRF9, IFI6, IFITM1, ISG15 were up-regulated in BEL-7402 cells treated with sinomenine by activating IFNA2. The findings presented in this study may provide a promising method for the prevention and treatment of liver cancer.     

Adverse drug reaction reporting in institutions across six Chinese provinces: a cross-sectional study

Background: Although China’s adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting and monitoring has developed rapidly, many challenges remain. This study assessed ADR monitoring and reporting in China and identified monitoring problems.

Research design and methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted of ADR reporting institutions in six Chinese provinces in April–December 2014. Questionnaires assessed ADR systems, basic resources, and pharmacovigilance activity.

Results: Of 720 questionnaires distributed, the response rate was 81.8%. About 93% (n = 371) of pharmaceutical companies and medical institutions had established ADR monitoring departments/units. Few institutions (26%, n = 104) allocated an ADR budget; 7% (n = 30) had received ADR monitoring funding in the last year (2013). Almost all institutions (99%, n = 555) had computers and 47% (n = 263) had a network database. Many institutions conducted public education about drug safety (49%, n = 283), medicine utilization reviews/quality surveys (28%, n = 158), and medicine consultation services (88%, n = 511). Institutions in eastern, central, and western China differed significantly on implementation of existing regulations and pharmacovigilance activities.

Conclusions: The institutions surveyed have established ADR monitoring systems. However, these systems have flaws. Urgent improvements are needed in funding, basic resources, reporting processes, and other pharmacovigilance activities.